Application of gold nanoparticles in biomedicine

Gold nanoparticles have good biocompatibility, abundant surface modification properties, and unique optical properties, which are related to the surfactant, shape, size, and structure of the nanoparticles. According to their different properties, they can be applied to various fields of biomedicine, such as cell detection, gene regulation drug synthesis, photochemotherapy, medical imaging, drug delivery, and so on.

Medical testing

The synthesized gold nanoparticles can be used as sensors in the field of medical detection, such as color sensors, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors, etc. They all play an important role in detection.

(1) As a color sensor, the researchers generate H2O2 through glucose under the action of glucose oxidase, and then corrode the gold nanorods to make them show different color changes. The range of this color change can be used to determine the amount of glucose in the organism. Perform semi-quantitative detection.

(2) As an SPR sensor, the researchers captured DNA by modifying 11-mercaptoalkanoic acid on the surface of the gold nanoparticle membrane. When there is no target miRNA, it will bind to the DNA-modified gold nanoparticles, and when the target miRNA is in the condition. It will form a competitive relationship with DNA-modified nanoparticles, and then the target miRNA will be detected by the SPR sensor.

Medical imaging

Gold nanoclusters are widely used in medical imaging as fluorescent imaging agents. They have the advantages of small size, good biocompatibility, good optical stability, large stokes shift, tunable emission spectrum, and non-toxicity, which makes up for some of the shortcomings of traditional fluorescent probes such as organic fluorescent dyes, fluorescent proteins, and fluorescent quantum dots, and has become an international research hotspot in recent years.

Drug delivery

Due to their remarkable properties, gold nanoparticles have long been regarded as potential tools for the diagnosis of various cancers and drug delivery applications. These properties include a high surface area to volume ratio, surface chemistry, multifunctionalization, ease of synthesis, and stable properties. In addition, the non-toxic and non-immunogenic properties and high permeability and retention effect (ERP) of gold nanoparticles, which facilitate drug penetration and accumulation at tumor sites, provide additional benefits.

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